Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification (Second Edition)This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well- compressed storage of raster images. PNG provides a patent- free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed- color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. Sample depths range from 1 to 1. PNG is designed to work well in online viewing applications, such as the World Wide Web, so it is fully streamable with a progressive display option. PNG is robust, providing both full file integrity checking and simple detection of common transmission errors. Also, PNG can store gamma and chromaticity data for improved color matching on heterogeneous platforms. This specification defines an Internet Media Type image/png. Status of this document. This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3. C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3. AACE International’s Professional Practice Guide to Planning and Scheduling, Second Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS - Page 5 53. Tripping Hazards in Schedules, Donald F. McDonald Jr., AACE International Transactions, 2002 54. Dreamtech Press has been providing quality learning to a wide spectrum of readers across India. Imbibing the spirit of Knowledge, Creativity, and Experience, Dreamtech Press has witnessed its progression to become a leading. Microsoft Press books, eBooks, and online resources are designed to help advance your skills with Microsoft Office, Windows, Visual Studio.NET and other Microsoft technologies. Application Development Books, eBooks and videos available from Packt. eBook topics include Qt, Native Mobile Development, Git, Java, Oracle and JVM. C technical reports index at http: //www. TR/. This document is the 1. October 2. 00. 3 W3. C. Recommendation of the PNG specification, second edition. It is also International Standard, ISO/IEC 1. The two documents have exactly identical content except for cover page and boilerplate differences as appropriate to the two organisations. This International Standard is strongly based on the W3. C Recommendation 'PNG Specification Version 1. W3. C members, approved as a W3. C Recommendation and published in October 1. This second edition incorporates all known errata and clarifications. A complete review of the document has been done by ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 2. W3. C and the PNG development group (the original authors of the PNG 1. Recommendation) in order to transform that Recommendation into an ISO/IEC international standard. OR IT ormation ement, w orm the public. ship tudents in the UK and s ognised qualifications. ormation or IT, ock D, enue, A, United Kingdom. T +44 (0) 1793 417 424 F +44 (0) 1793 417 444 ontactus Software Testing 2nd Edition. Introduction. The design goals for this International Standard were: Portability: encoding, decoding, and transmission should be software and hardware platform independent. Completeness: it should be possible to represent. Communicating Design: Developing Web Site Documentation for Design and Planning, 2nd Edition. Mastering Punch! software is easier than ever with this new eBook from Patricia Gamburgo! Updates and additions in the Learning Punch! Software: Training, Tools & Tutorials v18 eBook include: For the first time, an eBook with. A major design goal during this review was to avoid changes that will invalidate existing files, editors, or viewers that conform to W3. C Recommendation PNG Specification Version 1. The PNG specification enjoys a good level of implementation with good interoperability. At the time of this publication more than 1. PNG images and over 1. PNG files. Full support of PNG is required for conforming SVG viewers; at the time of publication all eighteen SVG viewers had PNG support. HTML has no required image formats, but over 6. HTML browsers had at least basic support of PNG images. Public comments on this W3. C Recommendation are welcome. Please send them to the archived list png- group@w. The latest information regarding patent. Web. As of this publication, the PNG Group are not. All Bloomberg BNA treatises are available on standing order, which ensures you will always receive the most current edition of the book or supplement of the title you have ordered from Bloomberg BNA’s book division. As. PNG. This document has been produced by ISO/IEC JTC1 SC2. PNG Group as part of the Graphics. Activity within the W3. C. Interaction Domain. Note: To provide the highest quality images, this specification uses SVG diagrams with a PNG fallback using the HTML object element. SVG- enabled browsers will see the SVG figures with selectable text, other browsers will display the raster PNG version. W3. C is aware that there is a known incompatibility between the unsupported beta of Adobe SVG plugin for Linux and Mozilla versions greater than 0. API, causing a browser crash. Therefore, a normative PNG- only alternative version is available that does not use an object element. The two versions are otherwise identical. Available languages. The English version of this specification is the only. However, for translations in other languages. Consortium/Translation/. The design goals for this International Standard were: Portability: encoding, decoding, and transmission should be. Completeness: it should be possible to represent truecolour. Serial encode and decode: it should be possible for. Progressive presentation: it should be possible to transmit. Robustness to transmission errors: it should be possible to. Losslessness: filtering and compression should preserve all. Performance: any filtering, compression, and progressive. Fast encoding is a less important goal than fast. Decoding speed may be achieved at the expense of. Compression: images should be compressed effectively. Simplicity: developers should be able to implement the. Interchangeability: any standard- conforming PNG decoder shall. PNG datastreams. Flexibility: future extensions and private additions should. PNG datastreams. Freedom from legal restrictions: no algorithms should be used. This International Standard specifies a datastream and an. Portable Network Graphics (PNG. Internet. Indexed- colour, greyscale, and truecolour images are. Sample depths range from 1. PNG is fully streamable with a progressive display. It is robust, providing both full file integrity checking. PNG can store. gamma and chromaticity data as well as a full ICC colour profile. This. Standard defines the Internet Media type "image/png". The. datastream and associated file format have value outside of the. The following normative documents contain provisions which. International Standard. For dated references, subsequent. However, parties to agreements based on this International. Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of. For undated references, the latest edition of. Members of ISO and. IEC maintain registers of currently valid International. Code for the representation of names of languages.. International Organization for Standardization, Information. ISO 7- bit coded character set for information. Information Technology — Telecommunications and. High- level data link. HDLC) procedures — Frame structure., Information technology — 8- bit. Part 1: Latin. alphabet No. For convenience, here is a non- normative sample text file. Programming languages — C., Information technology —. Universal Multiple- Octet Coded Character Sets (UCS) — Part. Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane., Multimedia systems and equipment — Colour. Part 2- 1: Default RGB colour. RGB, available at http: //www. CIE. "Colorimetry, Second Edition". CIE Publication 1. ISBN. 3- 9. 00- 7. International. Color Consortium, "Specification ICC. File Format for. Color Profiles", 1. International Color Consortium, "Specification ICC. A: 1. 99. 9- 0. 4. Addendum 2 to ICC. Braden. R., Editor, "Requirements for Internet Hosts — Application. Support", STD 3, RFC 1. USC/Information Sciences. Institute, October 1. Deutsch. P. and Gailly, J- L., "ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification. RFC 1. 95. 0, Aladdin Enterprises, May 1. Deutsch. P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1. RFC 1. 95. 1, Aladdin Enterprises, May 1. Freed. N. and Borenstein, N. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail. Extensions) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC. Innosoft, First Virtual, November 1. Freed. N., Klensin, J. Postel, J., "Multipurpose Internet Mail. Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures", RFC 2. Innosoft, MCI, ISI, November 1. Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC. Cisco Systems, January 2. Obsoletes RFC 1. 76. For the purposes of this International Standard the following. The more. opaque a pixel, the more it hides the background against which. Zero alpha represents a completely. If every. pixel with a specific colour or greyscale value is fully. The fact that all pixels are fully opaque is represented implicitly. The alpha table has the. A PNG decoder, without processing an. For other images, the. This is the value. IHDRchunk. 8 bits; also called an octet. The highest bit (value 1. PNG uses network byte. There are five kinds of. For example the alpha. PNG datastream. Each chunk has a chunk. Most chunks also include data. The format and meaning of. Each chunk is either a. PNG image. Colour types are sums of the following values: 1 (palette used), 2. The. permitted values of colour type are 0, 2, 3, 4, and 6. The. foreground image is said to be "composited against" the. PNG datastream. sequence of bytes. This term is used rather than. It is also used to emphasize that the sequence of bytes. This algorithm is. PNG. datastreams. Deflate is a member of the LZ7. It is defined in [RFC- 1. PNG. datastream. transformation applied to an array of scanlines with. PNG uses only. lossless (reversible) filter algorithms. Software causes an image to appear on. Within this International Standard, gamma is the exponent in the. The selected palette entry. PNG image. extraction. CIE- 1. 5. 2]. Informally it is the perceived brightness, or greyscale. Luminance and chromaticity together fully define. Ziv and Lempel in. ZL]. byte. order in which the most significant byte comes first. MSBLSB for two- byte integers, MSB B2 B1 LSB for four- byte. In other cases, the palette may be a suggested. Alpha samples may be defined for palette. PNG image as a sequence of reduced. A. pixel consists of (or points to) a sequence of samples from all channels. The. complete image is a rectangular array of pixels. PNG image. A PNG datastream. PNG signature followed by a sequence of. PNG datastream and generates a. PNG. datastream representing the reference image. PNG. datastream stored as a file. The restriction is. The restriction is imposed in order to. PNG encoder to. image, in preparation for encoding as a PNG. PNG. datastream. sequence of bytes appearing at the start of every PNG. It differentiates a PNG datastream from. PNG image extracted from the. Every reference image can be. PNG datastream and every PNG datastream. Each channel has a sample. All samples in the same. Different channels may have. In an indexed- colour. PNG image, samples are stored in. In other types of PNG. PNG image. row of pixels within an image or interlaced PNG. PNG encoder. image representation in which each pixel is defined by samples. Also the name. of a library containing a sample implementation of this method. The format is defined in [RFC- 1. Cyclic Redundancy Code. A CRC is a type of check value. A decoder calculates. CRC for the received data and checks by comparing it to the. CRC calculated by the encoder and appended to the data. CRC were corrupted in. Cathode Ray Tube: a common type of computer display.
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